Seismic Analysis of Building Frame using P-Delta Analysis and Static & Dynamic Analysis: A Comparative Study

Volume 8 Issue 2 June - August 2019

Research Paper

Seismic Analysis of Building Frame using P-Delta Analysis and Static & Dynamic Analysis: A Comparative Study

Abhishek Verma*, Sumit Verma**

* Department of Civil Engineering, Jaypee University of Engineering and Technology, Guna, Madhya Pradesh, India.

** Military Engineering Services, Amla, Madhya Pradesh, India.

Verma, A., & Verma, S. (2019). Seismic Analysis of Building Frame using P-Delta Analysis and Static & Dynamic Analysis: A Comparative Study, i-manager's Journal on Structural Engineering, 8(2), 52-60. https://doi.org/10.26634/jste.8.2.15462

Abstract

The trends and demands of lighter and slenderer high-rise building structures are subjected to p-delta effects, most of the existing high-rise buildings damaged due to the past severe earthquakes. To keep these things into consideration, it is necessary to analyse the structures with some advanced analysis procedures and to develop the new methods of analysis to protect the structures from future severe earthquakes. The objective of this research work is to analyse the structure critically and make them stronger during earthquake and it should result in less damage even during the strong earthquake. In the present work the analysis of G+30 building is being done by adopting the various approach of p-delta analysis. In this research work a symmetrical regular reinforced concrete building frame is analyzed statically and dynamically as per IS 1893:2002 (BIS, 2002). The structure is analysed for seismic zone III and V. Seismic Evaluation is performed on same modal for including P-Delta effects. In the first part, analysis is done without considering the P-Delta effect and in the second part P-Delta effect is considered. The results are compared for Static, Dynamic, and P-Delta analysis.

Higher Mode Vibration of Composite Stiffened Hypar Shell with Cut-Out for Varying Boundary Conditions and Ply Orientation

Volume 8 Issue 2 June - August 2019

Research Paper

Higher Mode Vibration of Composite Stiffened Hypar Shell with Cut-Out for Varying Boundary Conditions and Ply Orientation

Puja Basu Chaudhuri *, Anirban Mitra**, Sarmila Sahoo***

*,***Department of Civil Engineering, Heritage Institute of Technology, Kolkata, India.

**Department of Mechanical Engineering, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, India.

Chaudhuri, P. B., Mitra, A., & Sahoo, S. (2019). Higher Mode Vibration of Composite Stiffened Hypar Shell with Cut-Out for Varying Boundary Conditions and Ply Orientation, i-manager's Journal on Structural Engineering, 8(2), 37-51. https://doi.org/10.26634/jste.8.2.14705

Abstract

Laminated composite shells are used as roofing units in Civil Engineering applications and hypar shells are most popular because of their ease of construction and aesthetic elegance. The aim of the present study is to analyse higher mode free vibration of composite hypar shells. The purpose is to obtain some design guidelines for the practising engineers dealing with such structures. The methodology adopted here is the finite element method based on first order shear deformation theory. Effect of cross curvature is included in the formulation. The isoparametric finite element consists of eight nodes with five degrees of freedom per node is considered. Three noded beam elements with four degrees of freedom per node are used for stiffeners. The generalised Eigen value solution is chosen for the un-damped free vibration analysis. The formulation is validated first by solving standard problems from literature and then new results are obtained for varying boundary conditions, ply orientation and curvature of the shell. The first five modes of natural frequency are presented. In general, it is observed that fundamental frequency increases with the increase in the number of support constraints. There are, however, few departures from this general tendency when two shells of different laminations are compared. Sometimes lamination order may influence the frequency of stiffened composite shell with cut-out more significantly than its boundary conditions. Symmetric lamination exhibits reasonably good performance and may be adopted for all practical purposes.

A Study on Effect of Grading of Coarse Aggregate on Compressive Strength of Pozzolana Pervious Concrete

Volume 8 Issue 2 June - August 2019

Research Paper

A Study on Effect of Grading of Coarse Aggregate on Compressive Strength of Pozzolana Pervious Concrete

V. Vinay*, S. Chandramouli**, S. Adiseshu***, G. Pratyusha****

*,**,**** Department of Civil Engineering, Maharaj Vijayaram Gajapathi Raj College of Engineering (Autonomous), Vizianagram, Andhra Pradesh, India.

*** Department of Civil Engineering, Andhra University College of Engineering (Autonomous), Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India.

Vinay. V., Chandramouli, S., Adiseshu, S., & Pratyusha, G. (2019). A Study on Effect of Grading of Coarse Aggregate on Compressive Strengthof Pozzolona Pervious Concrete, i-manager's Journal on Structural Engineering, 8(2), 30-36. https://doi.org/10.26634/jste.8.2.16205

Abstract

In the present study, an attempt has been made to investigate compressive strength of Pervious Concrete (PC) made with different combinations of aggregate sizes (20 mm, 12.5 mm and 10 mm) and fly-ash (class-F). Four combinations of aggregate namely A1 (50% of 20 mm, 20% of 12.5 mm and 30% of 10 mm); A2 (60% of 20 mm, 20% of 12.5 mm and 20% of 10 mm); A3 (40% of 20mm, 30% of 12.5 mm and 30% of 10 mm) and A4 (20% of 20 mm, 40% of 12.5 mm and 40% of 10 mm) are considered where as fly-ash for replacement of cement by weight is considered as FC1 (10% of flyash); FC2 (20% of fly ash); FC3 (25% fly ash); FC4 (30% fly ash). The basic physical properties of the various ingredients of PC are determined in the laboratory and they are within the limits as per Indian Standard code of practice. The water binder ratio is considered as 0.35. The maximum cement content is considered as 450 kg/m3 . Standard cube specimens (150 mm x 150 mm x 150 mm) are used for determining compressive strength. The total number of cubes casted for all combinations are 48. The compressive strength values obtained for various combinations are in the range of 3.7 MPa to 11.11 MPa. A1 combination of aggregate is showing higher rates of strength when compared to other combinations and at 30% of fly-ash replacement have higher strength of the magnitude 11.11 MPa.

Finite Element Analysis of Laterally Loaded Pile in Homogeneous Soils

Volume 8 Issue 2 June - August 2019

Research Paper

Finite Element Analysis of Laterally Loaded Pile in Homogeneous Soils

S. S. Teke*, D. K. Kulkarni **, K. B. Prakash***

*-** Department of Civil Engineering, S. D. M. College of Engineering, Dharwad, India.

*** Government College of Engineering, Haveri, India.

Teke, S. S., Kulkarni, D. K., & Prakash, K. B. (2019). Finite Element Analysis of Laterally Loaded Pile in Homogeneous Soils, i-manager's Journal on Structural Engineering, 8(2), 19-29. https://doi.org/10.26634/jste.8.2.16230

Abstract

Pile foundations are the most popular form of deep foundations used for onshore and offshore structures. They are often used to transfer large loads from superstructures in to deeper competent soil layers, particularly when the structure is to be located on shallow weak soil layers. The main objective of this investigation is to study the pile model behavior under lateral load in homogeneous soils and investigate the results using Finite Element Analysis (FEA). A Finite Element Analysis based on mathematical code developed in commercial software MATLAB to find out the maximum deflection and bending moment of pile under different operating conditions. The heavy duty PVC pipe material is considered for the model pile while different soils viz. sand and Black Cotton (BC) soil are used with different subgrade modulus present within the range. A single hollow pile of 24 mm outside diameter with thickness of 2.3 mm is considered for the analysis. The length of the pile varies between 720 mm to 912 mm with an eccentricity of 61 mm from the ground level. Afterwards, the study is further extended with the parametric study under different operating conditions. Effect of length of the pile, diameter of the pile, lateral load and the soil subgrade reaction has been analyzed. The results found that, there is the increase in deflection for lower diameter, lower length, and lower subgrade reaction, whereas the increase in bending moment for higher diameter, higher length and lower subgrade reaction of the soil, respectively.

Seismic Response of RC Building with and without Infill Walls Considering Nonlinearity of Soil

Volume 8 Issue 2 June - August 2019

Research Paper

Seismic Response of RC Building with and without Infill Walls Considering Nonlinearity of Soil

P. S. Bhurse*, S. S. Sanghai**

* Departmental Civil Engineering, Tulsiramji Gaikwad-Patil College of Engineering and Technology, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India.

** Department of Civil Engineering, G. H. Raisoni College of Engineering, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India.

Bhurse, P. S., & Sanghai, S. S. (2019). Seismic Response of RC Building With and Without Infill Walls Considering Nonlinearity of Soil, i-manager's Journal on Structural Engineering, 8(2), 9-18. https://doi.org/10.26634/jste.8.2.15983

Abstract

In the last few years, the tall, proportioned and irregular structure exhibits more risks during earthquakes. This happens mainly due to seismic influence and local field response, which get transfer to the structure and vice versa. This can be clarified by the soil structure interaction and infill strut panel analysis. In this paper, G+3 and G+7 storey buildings with the isolated foundation system are considered for analysis. The soil model assumed homogenous three diverse soil strata. The reaction of the structure in terms of Soil Structure Interaction (SSI) parameters underneath dynamic loading for wellknown foundation systems and provided infill strut panel to the structure has been considered and evaluated the soil structure interaction. A relative and parametric study is conceded out with the help of joint displacement, axial force, maximum bending moment, shear force, fundamental time period, etc.

Study of RC Beam Column Joint under Seismic Loading

Volume 8 Issue 2 June - August 2019

Research Paper

Study of RC Beam Column Joint under Seismic Loading

Palak S. Agrawal*, Varsha R. Harne**, Vinay G. Popli***

*-*** Department of Structural Engineering, Shri Ramdeobaba College Engineering and Management, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India.

Agrawal, P. S., Harne, V. R., & Popli, V. G. (2019). Study of RC Beam Column Joint under Seismic Loading, i-manager's Journal on Structural Engineering, 8(2), 1-8. https://doi.org/10.26634/jste.8.2.16175

Abstract

In any structure, beam column joints are the most critical element, when it is subjected to earthquake loading, but in most of the construction works beam column joints are not designed. Therefore, in earthquake prone area the failure of structure occurred due to beam column joint effect. Hence, it is very essential to design any structure by considering the effect of beam column joint. The aim of this work is to improve the strength of beam column joint and its ductile behavior. In this research work, seismic behavior of various types of joints like exterior, interior and corner were studied by using finite element software ANSYS. Numerical analysis is carried out using ANSYS software. Beam column joints are designed as per IS 13920- 2016. The most important factors affecting the shear capacity of exterior RC beam-column joints are concrete compressive strength, the joint aspect ratio of the joints and number of lateral ties inside the joint. Behaviour of beam column joint with beam weak in flexure and observed stresses in joints also studied. It is observed that exterior joints are more affected as compared to other type of joint by considering the effect of stress.

Optimal Design of Roof-Truss using GA in Matlab

Volume 8 Issue 1 March - May 2019

Research Paper

Optimal Design of Roof-Truss using GA in Matlab

Krishna Amaraneni Venkata*, Chandramouli Sangamreddi**, Markandeya Raju Ponnada***

*-*** Department of Civil Engineering, MVGR College of Engineering (A), Vizianagram, India.

Venkata, K. A., Sangamreddi, C., & Ponnada, M. (2019). Optimal Design of Roof-Truss using GA in Matlab, i-manager's Journal on Structural Engineering, 8(1), 39-51. https://doi.org/10.26634/jste.8.1.15132

Abstract

An attempt has been made to design a roof truss optimally using Genetic Algorithms (GAs) and stiffness method in Matlab. The GAs tool kit functions in Matlab and the program developed in Matlab by NewCivil.com for 2D truss analysis using stiffness method are combined to design the tubular truss. The adaptive penalty function is used as the external penalty function for the constraints violation. The objective is to minimize the total weight of the truss, subjected to satisfaction of stress and displacement constraints. The cross sectional area of the truss elements is considered as decision variables. The method is tested on a 10-bar truss. The material properties of the truss such as density, Young’s modulus, allowable axial stresses (both in compression and tension) and allowable nodal displacement are taken as 2770 kg/m3, 6.89 x105 kg/cm2,1500 kg/cm2, and 5.08 cm respectively. The optimal solution with a total weight of 2472.67 kg is considered as the best in case-1 and 2288.88kg in the case-2 and the corresponding results are presented and compared with the previous research. After validation, the method is applied on a real truss. The optimal weight of the truss obtained is 138.89 kg.

Effect of Geometry over the Fundamental Period of Vibration

Volume 8 Issue 1 March - May 2019

Research Paper

Effect of Geometry over the Fundamental Period of Vibration

S. G. Joshi*, Naveen Kwatra**

*Department of Civil Engineering, Vishwakarma Institute of Information Technology, Pune, India.

**Department of Civil Engineering, Thapar University, Patiala, Punjab, India.

Joshi, S. G., & Kwatra, N. (2019). Effect of Geometry over the Fundamental Period of Vibration, i-manager's Journal on Structural Engineering, 8(1), 29-38. https://doi.org/10.26634/jste.8.1.15440

Abstract

Two techniques are employed to study the effect of geometry of the building over the fundamental period of vibration. Fundamental period is determined using Stodola method for eighty reinforced concrete buildings of different configurations and a linear relationship is observed between the period and the height of the building. The relation between, constant of proportionality and aspect ratio of the building, is observed to be nonlinear. A data driven technique in the form of Genetic Programming (GP) is used to obtain the equations of the fundamental period and a linear relationship is observed between the period value and the height of the building along shorter direction of building. It is observed that GP technique gives the equations similar to those suggested by other researchers and different codes. It is also noticed that up to 40 m height of the building the equation given is exactly similar to the one recommended by many building codes. Empirical equations are suggested to determine the fundamental period of vibration using GP technique.

Cost Optimization of Reinforced Concrete Structure Elements

Volume 8 Issue 1 March - May 2019

Research Paper

Cost Optimization of Reinforced Concrete Structure Elements

Siddhant Lakkad*, V. R. Panchal**

* Department of Structural Engineering, Chandubhai S. Patel Institute of Technology, Charotar University of Science and Technology, Changa, Gujarat, India.

** Department of Civil Engineering, Chandubhai S. Patel Institute of Technology, Charotar University of Science and Technology, Changa, Gujarat, India.

Lakkad, S., & Panchal, V. R. (2019). Cost Optimization of Reinforced Concrete Structure Elements, i-manager's Journal on Structural Engineering, 8(1), 18-28. https://doi.org/10.26634/jste.8.1.15876

Abstract

Now in current practice, the whole world is in the race of looking forward to earn maximum profit. A structural engineer’s goal is to prepare an ideal solution for the design of structurewhich istaken in use. In this paper, the present work deals with the aim of achieving the optimal and ideal design of reinforced concrete structures, reducing size and reinforcement for beam members and column members in multi - bay and multi - storey structures. Generally, in current practice to optimize cost, trial and error method has been used in which numbers of models are developed in software likes STAAD PRO, ETABS, STRUDS, etc. But this method is quite complex and having less accuracy thus there is a need to adopt one proper optimization technique which enables engineer to find and to prepare the ideal design for the structure which gives more accuracy. So, in this paper, for cost optimization of reinforced concrete (RC) framed structure, MINLP (Multi-Integer Non-Linear Programming) technique is adopted. Without changingthe functional criteria of beams and columns as per provisions given in IS456-2000, the structure is designed safely and economically. Programming of the design of structural elements beam and column has been done using MATLAB program. At the end of the study, the results of the optimized model using MINLP technique and manually optimized method are compared.This optimization task reduces 24.76% of the total approximate cost in beams and 13.79% in columns.

Laboratory Investigations of Building Materials in the Vicinity of Nit Srinagar

Volume 8 Issue 1 March - May 2019

Research Paper

Laboratory Investigations of Building Materials in the Vicinity of Nit Srinagar

Nadeem Gulzar Shahmir*, Manzoor Ahmad Tantray**

*_**Department of Civil Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Srinagar, Jammu, and Kashmir, India.

Shahmir, N. G., & Tantray, M. A. (2019). Laboratory Investigations of Building Materials in the Vicinity of Nit Srinagar, i-manager's Journal on Structural Engineering, 8(1), 8-17. https://doi.org/10.26634/jste.8.1.15534

Abstract

This study is undertaken based on the different tests performed on the building materials in the region of National Institute of Technology, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir. A number of developments is done in the area where all the building materials get utilized on everyday schedule and most imperative being an engineering college in the civil engineering department part of casting for research motivation of beams, slabs, cylinders, cubes, columns,, and so forth is performed by B.Tech, M.Tech, and Ph.D., investigate researchers. Thus it was important to know the nature of the materials accessible at neighborhoods. No name of brand or merchant is referenced in this paper to stay away from any commercialization. The four fundamental building materials are cement, fine aggregates, coarse aggregates, and water. All the important tests on all the fundamental development materials were performed by rules given by Indian standard codes. The strategy and the instruments utilized for testing were, in accordance with Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS), that are accessible in NIT research labs. The cement was brought from the neighborhood market of Hazratbal close to NIT Srinagar while as the fine aggregates and coarse aggregates were taken from the river (nallah) Sindh of area Ganderbal 10 kms from NIT Srinagar and the water tried was the accessible faucet water at research laboratory at NIT. All the materials tried was found reasonable to use for development. The experiments were performed in the mid months of year 2017.

Strength, Flow and Abrasion Characteristics of Cement Mortar Produced from Copper Slag

Volume 8 Issue 1 March - May 2019

Research Paper

Strength, Flow and Abrasion Characteristics of Cement Mortar Produced from Copper Slag

Nataraja M. C.*, Rajeeth T. J.**

* Department of Civil Engineering, Bapuji Institute of Engineering and Technology, Davanagere, India.

** Department of Civil Engineering, Vidyavardhaka College of Engineering, Mysore, India.

Nataraja, M. C., & Rajeeth, T. J. (2019). Strength, Flow and Abrasion Characteristics of Cement Mortar Produced from Copper Slag, i-manager's Journal on Structural Engineering, 8(1), 1-7. https://doi.org/10.26634/jste.8.1.15784

Abstract

Across the globe river sand have been traditionally used for the production of cement mortar and concrete. The environmental limits to the utilization of sand from river beds have resulted in search for unconventional materials. Manufactured sand and industrial by-products then appear as an attractive substitute to river sand. Copper slag is an industrial by-product used as a substitute to river sand which is also recommended by IS 383: 2016. In the present work a mortar mix of 1:3 proportions is prepared with the replacement of river sand by copper slag at various proportions. The importance of its heavy specific gravity is also addressed. The microscopic and surface features of copper slag revealed its crystalline structure. The flow, strength, durability, and abrasion resistance characteristics of mortar at various water cement ratios are also studied and discussed. From the results, it can be determined that the use of copper slag as fine aggregate in cement mortar is appropriate and technically feasible.

The Effective Cross Frame Geometry and Spacing for Economy in Curved Steel-I-Girder Bridge

Volume 7 Issue 4 December - February 2019

Research Paper

The Effective Cross Frame Geometry and Spacing for Economy in Curved Steel-I-Girder Bridge

Kirankumar Topalakatti*, Santosh M. Muranal**

* Research Scholar, Department of Civil Engineering, Basaveshwar Engineering College (Autonomous), Bagalkot, Karnataka, India.

** Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Global Academy of Technology, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India.

Topalakatti, K., & Muranal, S. M. (2019). The Effective Cross Frame Geometry and Spacing for Economy in Curved Steel-I-Girder Bridge, i-manager's Journal on Structural Engineering, 7(4), 35-42. https://doi.org/10.26634/jste.7.4.14944

Abstract

The construction of curved composite bridges is common these days in congested city areas, and the additional shear, bending and torsional stress developed due to horizontal curvature are of concern during their design. The cross frames in steel bridge are the secondary load carrying members, which provides the stiffness to the girder and resist the effect of bending and torsion. The selection of cross frame geometry and their spacing is important during bridge design. Presently V shaped cross frames are generally used to connect steel I girders in bridges, but with modification of geometry/shape can result in economic design. Hence, the effects of modified cross frame geometry and their spacing on the performance of curved steel-I-girders bridge is presented here. The modified V types of cross frames are designed and modelled using three-dimensional finite-element method. The structural response is evaluated for combination of vehicular loads of IRC Class A and Class 70R vehicles. The selection of geometry considering proper distribution of stress results in the reduction of cross sections and increase in spacing of cross frames and thus the economical design.

A Graphical Approach to Locating the Control Point of Shear and Flexure over the Span of the Post-Tensioned Beam: Statistical Curve Fitting on the Functions of the Shear Span

Volume 7 Issue 4 December - February 2019

Research Paper

A Graphical Approach to Locating the Control Point of Shear and Flexure over the Span of the Post-Tensioned Beam: Statistical Curve Fitting on the Functions of the Shear Span

S. Kumar*, S. Rajendra**

* Assistant Professor, Jyothy Institute of Technology, Bangalore, Karnataka, India.

** Principal and Professor, Vijaya Vittala Institute of Technology, Bangalore, Karnataka, India.

Kumar, S., & Rajendra, S. (2019). A Graphical Approach to Locating the Control Point of Shear and Flexure over the Span of the Post-Tensioned Beam: Statistical Curve Fitting on the Functions of the Shear Span, i-manager's Journal on Structural Engineering, 7(4), 29-34. https://doi.org/10.26634/jste.7.4.14920

Abstract

An approach is made to compare the basic properties of the two curves plotted on experimental shear strength and geometrical proportion of effective span respectively, over the function of shear span. The illustration is made on the controlling or influencing points of shear and flexure over the span of the beam. Shear stress is the function of the shear span, which decreases with an increase in shear span. The graph plotted on maximum shear stresses (vu) versus shear span to depth ratios (a/D) is compared with the graph plotted on ratios of mid-span to shear span (le/2a) versus shear span to depth ratios (a/D). The dominant positions of shear and flexure are marked by intercepting the tangents on curve [(le/2a) versus (a/D)] at specified points. The influencing position of shear and flexure are compared by a position of cracks and mode of failure of the beam subjected to two points loading with respective (a/D) ratio.

Different Methods for Manufacturing of Translucent Concrete and its Applications

Volume 7 Issue 4 December - February 2019

Research Paper

Different Methods for Manufacturing of Translucent Concrete and its Applications

Nadeem Gulzar Shahmir*, Manzoor Ahmad Tantary**

*Research Scholar, National Institute of Technology, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India.

**Professor, National Institute of Technology, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India.

Shahmir, N. G., & Ahmad, M. (2019). Different Methods for Manufacturing of Translucent Concrete and its Applications, i-manager's Journal on Structural Engineering, 7(4), 22-28. https://doi.org/10.26634/jste.7.4.15013

Abstract

This paper deals with, how to make translucent concrete using coarse aggregates and how this concrete will act as a useful material for green buildings. In this paper, the authors also talk about the application of translucent concrete. Translucent concrete is a special type of concrete, which is used in green buildings for the purpose of using light resources efficiently. Green building refers both to create structures and using processes that are environment-friendly and resource-efficient throughout a building's lifecycle. Plastic optical fiber is used for the purpose of light. Light is one of the most important components required throughout the life of buildings. Consumption of electricity is reduced by using translucent concrete. The natural as well as artificial light resources are used efficiently. They have also studied the use of mechanical effects of introducing Plastic Optical Fiber (POF) into concrete. Self-compacting concrete is used in it. They have also studied how they prepared SCC and what design mix of cement, coarse aggregate, fine aggregate, watercement ratio, and admixture were required.

Experimental Study of Properties of Concrete using GGBS and M-Sand with Addition of Basalt Fibre

Volume 7 Issue 4 December - February 2019

Research Paper

Experimental Study of Properties of Concrete using GGBS and M-Sand with Addition of Basalt Fibre

Pasupuleti Murali Krishna*, K. Rajasekhar**

* PG Student, Department of Structural Engineering, SEAGI-Integrated Campus, Affiliated to Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University Anantapur, Andhra Pradesh, India.

** Principal and Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, SEAGI-Integrated Campus, Affiliated to Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University Anantapur, Andhra Pradesh, India.

Krishna, P. M., & Rajasekhar, K. (2019). Experimental Study of Properties of Concrete using GGBS and M-Sand with Addition of Basalt Fibre, i-manager's Journal on Structural Engineering, 7(4), 15-21. https://doi.org/10.26634/jste.7.4.15441

Abstract

The present experimental investigation is to study the effect of replacement of Cement by Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag (GGBS) and Fine Aggregate (FA) by M-Sand. The effects of combined replacement by GGBS, M-Sand, and chopped basalt strands on compression strength, split tension strength, and young's modulus strength of concrete are also investigated. Comparison of the results of tests on Conventional Concrete, and concrete made with partial substitutions and combinations of GGBS, M-Sand, and chopped basalt strands are done. The durability of concrete is studied through an acid attack test on specimens of both Conventional Concrete and modified concrete. Replacement levels of fine aggregate with M-Sand are 10%, 20%, and 30%. Replacement levels of Cement with GGBS are 10%, 15%, and 20%. The dosage of basalt fibres is 1%, 1.5%, and 2% by weight of cement. The mechanical properties were compared with the control mix for a combination of GGBS (15%), M-Sand (30%), and 1.5% of Basalt Fibre. There is a significant performance improvement of the compressive strength, by up to 21%. A similar trend is observed in the case of Split Tensile Strength (29.5%) and in Flexural Strength (9.2%).

Study on Strength Properties of Lightweight Expanded Clay Aggregate Concrete

Volume 7 Issue 4 December - February 2019

Research Paper

Study on Strength Properties of Lightweight Expanded Clay Aggregate Concrete

Kunchala Ashok*, Tangudu Manoj **

* Assistant Professor (Contract), Department of Civil Engineering, JNTUH College of Engineering, Kukatpally, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.

** Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, CVR College of Engineering, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.

Ashok, K., & Manoj, T. (2019). Study on Strength Properties of Light Weight Expanded Clay Aggregate Concrete, i-manager's Journal on Structural Engineering, 7(4), 7-14. https://doi.org/10.26634/jste.7.4.15473

Abstract

The Lightweight Aggregate Concrete is usually produced by using natural and artificial lightweight aggregate together with mineral and chemical admixtures. In this study, artificially occurring lightweight expanded clay aggregate was used for the development of structural lightweight concrete to reduce both the high self weight and the negative environmental effects that are typically associated with the production of normal Lightweight Aggregate Concrete. The main purpose of this study is to investigate and compare the behavior of lightweight aggregate concrete and normal weight aggregate concrete and also the study focused on influence of the physical properties of the aggregates on strength development. In this research, the investigation done about the use of lightweight expanded clay aggregate as coarse aggregate in concrete by replacing normal weight aggregate up to 60% by volume along with the steel fibers to produce a Lightweight Expanded Clay Aggregate Concrete (LECAC) and the unit weight in the range of 1600 kg/m3 to 1800 kg/m3. The primary aim of the investigation was to reduce both the economic costs and the negative environmental effects that are typically associated with production of lightweight concrete containing artificially produced aggregates by taking advantage of India abundant expanded clay resources. LECA is a lighter aggregate with a higher strength when compared to other artificial lightweight aggregates, it allows producing high strength, lightweight concrete that can be used in structural systems of buildings. This study also includes the properties of lightweight expanded clay aggregate concrete, such as workability of fresh concrete, compressive strength of cubes at 28 days and 90 days, compressive strength of cylinders, split tensile strength of cylinders, and flexural strength of prisms at 28 days.

Ansys Analysis of High Strength Concrete Beams

Volume 7 Issue 4 December - February 2019

Research Paper

Ansys Analysis of High Strength Concrete Beams

H. R. Manjunath*, R. Prabhakara**

*Associate Professor, R V College of Architecture, Bangalore, Karnataka, India.

**Professor-Emeritus at Structural Engineering Division, Visvesvarya Technological University, Belagavi, Karnataka, India.

Manjunath, H. R., & Prabhakara, R. (2019). Ansys Analysis of High Strength Concrete Beams, i-manager's Journal on Structural Engineering, 7(4), 1-6. https://doi.org/10.26634/jste.7.4.15483

Abstract

The knowledge of deformation characteristics is essential for better understanding of basic behaviour of High Strength Concrete (HSC) beams and the mechanism of failure. The large number of investigations was carried out on flexural behavior of HSC beams, but still the major issue of serviceability requirement of the beam is not yet understood properly. The behaviour of HSC is understood over the following headings of cracking moment, load deflection, ductility index, crack width, and ultimate moment carrying capacity. The paper describes the nonlinear Finite Element Modeling (FEM) and analysis of singly reinforced and doubly reinforced HSC beams for flexural behavior. The FEM tool is used to model RCC and calculate the non-linear behavior of the structural RCC members. The 8-noded SOLID-65 element was used to model concrete, that can translate in the x, y, or z-axis directions and reinforcements were modeled as discrete elements using 3D-LINK8 bar element in the ANSYS. A total of nine beams of M100 grade were modeled of overall size 100 mm x 170 mm and varying effective length so that l/d ration is 15, 20, and 25. All the beams were subjected to two point loading with simply supported condition. The analysis were carried out using IS and ACI codes and compared with experimental values and ANSYS results.

Mechanical Properties of Fibre Reinforced Alkali- Activated Concrete

Volume 7 Issue 3 September - November 2018

Research Paper

Mechanical Properties of Fibre Reinforced Alkali- Activated Concrete

Sonal Thakkar*, Urmil Dave**, Kush Shah***

* Research Scholar & Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Institute of Technology, Nirma University, Gujarat, India.

** Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Institute of Technology, Nirma University, Gujarat, India.

*** Post-graduate, Department of Civil Engineering, Institute of Technology, Nirma University, Gujarat, India.

Thakkar, S., Dave, U., & Shah, K. (2018). Mechanical Properties of Fibre Reinforced Alkali- Activated Concrete, i-manager's Journal on Structural Engineering, 7(3), 42-50. https://doi.org/10.26634/jste.7.3.13988

Abstract

In the modern era, where sustainable concrete is a buzzword, all efforts are made to find a substituteof cement. Fly ash basedalkali-activated concreteis one of sustainable solutions in place of Ordinary Portland Cement concrete. This concrete uses industrial waste as one of the constituents in the concrete and thus offers sustainable solution to waste disposal and also has a very high early strength. The present investigation has studied the effect of polypropylene fibresinalkali-activated concrete. To understand the behaviour of fibre reinforced alkali-activated concrete, mechanical properties like compressive strength, flexural strength, split tensile strength, modulus of elasticity, and bond strength were investigated. Comparison of these results was carried out with fibre reinforced ordinary Portland cement concrete to evaluate the behaviour of fibre reinforced alkali-activated concrete. It was observed that with the addition of polypropylene fibres, 7 days strength in compression increased by 72%, in flexure by 35%, in modulus of elasticity by 42%, and in bond by 10% compared to Ordinary Portland Cement concrete with fibres. Thus, for high early strength alkali-activated concrete with polypropylene fibre becomes more suitable.

Seismic Stability of Combined Conical Elevated Water Tanks Under Varying Water Percentage in Conical and Cylindrical Parts

Volume 7 Issue 3 September - November 2018

Research Paper

Seismic Stability of Combined Conical Elevated Water Tanks Under Varying Water Percentage in Conical and Cylindrical Parts

Syed Shafahaduddin Quadri*, R. M. Sawant**

* Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Maharashtra Institute of Technology, Aurangabad, Maharashtra, India.

** Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, P. E. S. College of Engineering, Aurangabad, Maharashtra, India.

Quadri, S. S., & Sawant, R. M. (2018). Seismic Stability of Combined Conical Elevated Water Tanks under Varying Water Percentage in Conical and Cylindrical Parts, i-manager's Journal on Structural Engineering, 7(3), 32-41. https://doi.org/10.26634/jste.7.3.14107

Abstract

Combined conical elevated water tanks are widely used as water reservoirs in various locations around the world.Current Indian codes of practice do not provide any provisions or guidelines for the analysis and design of reinforcedconcrete Combined conical elevated water tanks under hydrostatic loading. Available codes provisions are limitedonly for the design of cylindrical and rectangular tanks. The present study investigates the behavior of combined conicalelevated water tank under varying water percentage in conical and cylindrical parts by performing dynamic analysis,i.e. Response Spectrum method. The main aim of this research work is to find out the optimum water percentage inconical and cylindrical part for combined conical elevated water tank. The modeling and analysis of combinedconical elevated water tank is carried out by using structural analysis and design computer program, i.e. STAAD.Pro. Totaltwenty number of models were made for empty tank and full tank condition, where these models are provided with tencolumns along with the periphery of a circle with five staging levels and connected by using Cross Stagingpattern. The responses of each combined conical elevated water tank are represented graphically.

Seismic Evaluation and Modelling Techniques for Open Ground Storey Buildings

Volume 7 Issue 3 September - November 2018

Research Paper

Seismic Evaluation and Modelling Techniques for Open Ground Storey Buildings

Pramodini Naik*, Satish Annigeri**

* Head, Department of Civil Engineering, Government Polytechnic, Bicholim, Goa, India.

** Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, KLE Technological University, Hubballi, Karnataka, India.

Naik, P., & Annigeri, S. (2018). Seismic Evaluation and Modelling Techniques for Open Ground Storey Buildings, i-manager's Journal on Structural Engineering, 7(3), 20-31. https://doi.org/10.26634/jste.7.3.14040

Abstract

Failure of Open Ground Storey (OGS) buildings in the past devastating earthquakes like Bhuj, in India (2001) has urged the designers to carry out seismic evaluation of existing buildings and design the new buildings to withstand major earthquakes without collapse. Pushover analysis is the most commonly adopted analytical approach for seismic performance evaluation, the accuracy of which lies in suitable modeling assumptions made. In this paper, an effort is made to arrive at a definite modeling strategy to be adopted for the typical OGS building system while performing Nonlinear Static Pushover (NSP) analysis. Three building models representing the lateral stiffness of the building were considered, namely OGS bare frame (model 1), OGS within fill stiffness consideration in the upper storeys (model 2), building with infill stiffness consideration in the upper storey's and modeling additional infill stiffness in the corner bays of OGS (model 3). Lateral load analysis was considered for two cases, namely ESA (Equivalent Static Analysis) and RSA (Response Spectrum Analysis). For modeling the lateral load and nonlinear hinge properties, four scenarios were considered, scenario-1 with ESA load pattern and default hinges, Scenario 2 – RSA and user defined hinges, Scenario 3 – ESA and user defined hinges, and Scenario 4 - RSA with user defined hinges. The findings of the study revealed that the commonly adopted “model 1 – scenario 1” criteria results in an inaccurate prediction of performance levels of demand earthquake. Amongst the three models studied, model 3 shows the highest base shear by about two times and lowest roof displacement (60%) compared to bare frame and hinge status in case of scenario 1 is overestimated compared to scenarios 2 to 4. Therefore, model 3-scenario 4 is a better modeling strategy among the three models studied.

Behavior of Long Carbon Fiber Reinforced Concrete Column to Explosive Loading

Volume 7 Issue 3 September - November 2018

Research Paper

Behavior of Long Carbon Fiber Reinforced Concrete Column to Explosive Loading

Sudhindra Yeri*, S. A. Kambali**, Santosh M. Muranal***

* Lecturer, Department of Civil Engineering, Government Polytechnic, Bagalkot, Karnataka, India.

** Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Basaveshwar Engineering College, Bagalkot, Karnataka, India.

*** Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Basaveshwar Engineering College, Bagalkot, Karnataka, India.

Yeri, S., Kambali, & S. A., Muranal, S. (2018). Behavior of Long Carbon Fiber Reinforced Concrete Column to Explosive Loading, i-manager's Journal on Structural Engineering, 7(3), 12-19. https://doi.org/10.26634/jste.7.3.14032

Abstract

In view of increasing threats of explosion from accidental and terrorists attack, the design of exterior column becomes critical as explosive load sometime exceed the design lateral seismic load. The columns which are vulnerable to explosive load are needed to strengthen in flexure and shear capacity. The closely spaced ties in the plastic hinge region confine the core concrete and resist the buckling of longitudinal reinforcement. Hence the adequacy of column reinforced according to IS 13920-2016 in resisting the blast load is numerically simulated in this study. The Fiber Reinforced Concrete (FRC) may enhance the shear and flexural resistance. The Long Carbon Fiber Reinforced Concrete (LCFRC) column for explosive loads is modeled in Finite Element (FE) software LS-DYNA. The result shows that the ductile detailed column resulted in improved shear resistance under blast load. The LCFRC columns results in reduced surface damage, cracking of concrete, and deflection. The column reinforced according to IS 13920-2016 and LCFRC column showed greater resistance to explosive load.

Effect of Boundary Conditions on Modal Analysis of Aluminum Plates Using Digital Image Correlation Technique

Volume 7 Issue 3 September - November 2018

Research Paper

Effect of Boundary Conditions on Modal Analysis of Aluminum Plates Using Digital Image Correlation Technique

Durga Charan*, S. K. Mangal**, Navin Kumar***

* Assistant Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Seth Jai Parkash Mukand Lal Institute of Engineering and Technology, Radaur, Haryana, India.

** Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Punjab Engineering College, Chandigarh, India.

*** Associate Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Ropar, Punjab, India.

Charan, D., Mangal, S. K., & Kumar, N. (2018). Effect of Boundary Conditions on Modal Analysis of Aluminum Plates Using Digital Image Correlation Technique, i-manager's Journal on Structural Engineering, 7(3), 1-11. https://doi.org/10.26634/jste.7.3.14750

Abstract

In engineering systems, components are usually subjected to dynamic loading, where resonance may take place. The resulting vibration due to the resonance is of great concern as it may lead to premature failure of the system. Hence, modal analysis of a structure becomes very necessary to know the response characteristics of a system under dynamic loading and also to avoid the resonance conditions during its operation. The objective of this paper is to study the dynamic response of rectangular and circular plates with all edge fixed and all edge free boundary conditions. The natural frequencies and mode shapes are determined using ANSYS software, which has been validated by experimental investigation. The experimentation is carried out on electrodynamic shaker using Digital Image Correlation (DIC) technique. This work has established that different boundary conditions has considerable effect on the system natural frequencies. The maximum deformation of the rectangular plates in all edge fixed boundary conditions has found to have decreasing trend for higher natural frequencies while for same plate in all edge free boundary conditions, an increasing trend is observed for higher natural frequencies. For circular plates in both boundary conditions, i.e. all edge fixed and all edge free boundary conditions, the maximum deformation of aluminum has found increasing trend for higher natural frequencies.

Linear and Nonlinear Dynamic Analysis of RC Structure for Various Plan Configurations Using ETABS

Volume 7 Issue 2 June - August 2018

Research Paper

Linear and Nonlinear Dynamic Analysis of RC Structure for Various Plan Configurations Using ETABS

Chetan P. Agrawal*, Amey R. Khedikar**

* Lecturer, Department of Civil Engineering, NIT Polytechnic, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India.

** Head, Department of Civil Engineering, Tulsiramji Gaikwad Patil College of Engineering and Technology, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India.

Agrawal, C. P., Khedikar, A. R. (2018). Linear and Nonlinear Dynamic Analysis of RC Structure for Various Plan Configurations Using ETABS. i-manager's Journal on Structural Engineering, 7(2), 70-76. https://doi.org/10.26634/jste.7.2.14287

Abstract

The principle objective of this paper is to study the structural behavior of High-Rise RC structure for different plan configurations, such as rectangular building along with Plus, C, L, and H-shape in accordance with the seismic provisions suggested in IS: 1893-2002 using ETABS. The analysis involves load calculation manually and analyzing the whole structure on the ETABS 9.7.1 version for dynamic analysis, i.e. Response Spectrum Analysis and Time History Analysis confirming to Indian Standard Code of Practice. For time history analysis, past earthquake ground motion record is taken to study response of all the structures. Analysis is carried out for seismic zone IV by taking medium soil condition. After the analysis, various responses like maximum storey displacement, maximum storey drift, storey shear, and maximum overturning moment are plotted so as to match the results of the linear and non-linear dynamic analysis.

A Comparative Study on Experimental and Theoretical Bearing Capacity of Ring Footings

Volume 7 Issue 2 June - August 2018

Research Paper

A Comparative Study on Experimental and Theoretical Bearing Capacity of Ring Footings

Durga Shankar*, Vikas Kumar**

* M.Tech Graduate, Madan Mohan Malaviya University of Technology, Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh, India.

** Assistant Professor, Madan Mohan Malaviya University of Technology, Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh, India.

Shankar, D., Kumar , V. (2018). A Comparative Study on Experimental and Theoretical Bearing Capacity of Ring Footings, i-manager's Journal on Structural Engineering, 7(2), 63-69. https://doi.org/10.26634/jste.7.2.14486

Abstract

The earth provides all the support to any structure depending on various soil conditions. Foundations are the substructures that transmit the load of the structure to earth in such a way that the soil does not get over stressed and do not deform. Types of footings used vary depending on the type of structure, for example, in structures such as transmission towers or water tower, the circular footing is used essentially. Circular footings have been used since ages, but ring footing got less attention than a circular one, despite its greater efficiency and cost-saving nature. Thus, in order to develop new and economical technologies, studying the benefits of rings over circular footing is essential, which is the prime objective of this paper. The parameter (bearing capacity) has been studied experimentally as well as an attempt of numerical analysis is done, in order to understand the behaviour of the sand under the ring footing. The experimental values of the bearing capacity of the ring footing are obtained by performing a series of laboratory tests on the model footing for three different radii ratio 0.2, 0.4, 0.6. While numerical analysis was performed using an empirical equation available in literature. The values of these analyses were then compared and it was determined that the theoretical values were quite higher than that of the experimental values of bearing capacity.